Model of Lifestyle Behaviour Improvement in Diabates Mellitus Patients in Pekanbaru City Health Centre Area

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to serious complications, including damage to the eyes, kidneys, blood vessels, nerves and heart. A healthy lifestyle is important in the management of diabetes, but behaviour change is often difficult to achieve without appropriate intervention. Although Social Cognitive Theory has been shown to be effective in improving healthy behaviours, its application in diabetes management in Indonesia, especially considering local culture, is still limited.

Aim: This study aims to develop and test a model for improving lifestyle behaviour in diabetes mellitus patients based on Social Cognitive Theory.

Method: This study used descriptive and explanatory research approaches. The study population consisted of 326 diabetes mellitus patients registered at five health centres in Pekanbaru City. The sampling technique used was probability sampling with random sampling method. The instrument used was a questionnaire to measure variables of individual characteristics, personal factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle behaviour. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive analysis techniques and Partial Least Squares.

Results: The study showed a significant relationship between personal factors (self-efficacy) and improved lifestyle behaviour of diabetes mellitus patients (path coefficient = 0.302; t-statistic = 2.125). In addition, individual characteristics such as self-motivation and patient perceptions had a significant effect on personal factors and lifestyle behaviour (path coefficient = 0.272 and 0.195; t-statistic = 4.642 and 3.439). This model can explain most of the variation in lifestyle behaviour of diabetes mellitus patients (R² = 0.102). Goodness of fit test results (Q² = 0.2995) showed good predictive ability.

Conclusion: Individual characteristics and personal factors, especially self-efficacy, and self-regulation, significantly influence improvements in lifestyle behaviour. This model is effective and can be integrated into diabetes management programmes at the community health centre level. Promotional policies that encourage active social support are essential for sustainable healthy lifestyle changes.