Robotic-Assisted Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes, Regional Access, and Ethical Integration

Abstract

Background: Robotic surgery is undergoing a revolution internationally in gynecologic and obstetric care. Application of robotics in Saudi Arabia is growing though the majority of it remains concentrated in urban tertiary centers. This systematic review assesses the clinical outcomes, ethical integration and local distribution of robotic women’s surgery throughout the Kingdom.

Purpose: To evaluate the availability, efficacy, and barriers to utilization of robotic-assisted gynecologic and obstetric procedures in Saudi Arabia and to propose strategic guidelines to achieve a level playing field and a sustained implementation.

 Methods: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen studies, specifically robotic hysterectomy, myomectomy, and new obstetric applications published from 2010 to 2025, were included. Data were extracted on procedural outcomes, geographic access, ethical practices, and institutional readiness.

Results: The most frequently reported procedures were robotic hysterectomy and myomectomy, with decreased blood loss, less time spent in hospital and lower complication rates. Yet, access is scarce in select areas, with noticeable variations in the availability of training and infrastructure. Cultural norms and ethical frameworks like bilingual consent and trauma-informed care were inconsistently implemented. Applications in the field of obstetric medicine were few and far between and the protocols of practice were not standardized.

Conclusion: Robotic surgery has great clinical value in women’s health in Saudi Arabia. But growing it will take good investment in training, infrastructure and ethical standards. Building a national registry, assimilation of robotics into medical education, and promoting equitable access are necessary to sustain growth.