To evaluate and compare plasma/serum biomarkers—including glucose, HbA1c, proteins, lipid profile, ROS, antioxidants (SOD, GPx, ferritin, ceruloplasmin), and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP)—across three groups

Abstract

This study evaluated circulating biomarkers in COPD patients with and without diabetes compared to controls. A total of 150 subjects (50 COPD with DM, 50 COPD without DM, 50 controls) were enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study from June 2022 to September 2025. Biomarkers assessed included glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, lipid profile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], iron-binding proteins, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP). Results showed higher glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, LDL-C, and cytokines, with reduced SOD and GPx in COPD with DM compared to other groups. Findings highlight interconnected metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory alterations, underscoring their diagnostic and prognostic utility in COPD.