Understanding G6PD Deficiency and Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy: A Review of F2-Isoprostanes in Anemic and Non-Anemic Women

Abstract

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) maintains redox balance by generating NADPH for glutathione recycling. Pregnancy increases oxidative stress, which is further aggravated by anemia. Excessive oxidative stress is associated with complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm birth. Urinary F2-isoprostanes, reliable markers of lipid peroxidation, offer a non-invasive measure of oxidative burden.

Material and Methods: This review examined studies on trimester-wise changes in oxidative stress, G6PD activity, and urinary F2-isoprostanes among anemic and non-anemic pregnant women. Articles were retrieved from PubMed using keywords “G6PD,” “oxidative stress,” “pregnancy,” and “F2-isoprostanes.”

Conclusion: Evidence shows that reduced G6PD activity increases oxidative stress in pregnancy, with urinary F2-isoprostanes rising progressively across trimesters. Anemic women exhibit significantly higher oxidative stress than non-anemic counterparts. Combining enzymatic and urinary biomarkers may improve early risk assessment and guide antenatal interventions to reduce adverse fetomaternal outcomes.