Bovine Colostrum from Simmental Cows: Compositional Analysis and Anti-Carcinogenic Potential

Abstract

Bovine colostrum, the initial mammary secretion post-calving, is rich in bioactive compounds with potential anti-carcinogenic properties. This study analyzed colostrum from Simmental cows in Kazakhstan over the first postpartum week to characterize its nutritional and bioactive profile, focusing on components relevant to cancer prevention and therapy. Colostrum samples, collected from five cows at 3, 6, and 12 hours post-calving and daily thereafter for 168 hours, were analyzed for proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, and toxic elements. Total solids and protein, including immunologically active proteins like lactoferrin and proline-rich polypeptides, peaked at 3 hours (~25% and 15%, respectively) and declined sharply within 24–36 hours. Fat and lactose showed moderate and minimal changes, respectively. Antioxidant vitamins (E: 3.75 mg/kg; C: 2.80 mg/100g) and minerals (Ca: 831.5 mg/kg; P: 687.5 mg/kg) support redox and immune functions, while the absence of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) confirms safety. These findings highlight colostrum’s potential as a source of anti-carcinogenic compounds, particularly lactoferrin and proline-rich polypeptides, which may modulate immune responses and inhibit tumor growth. Early harvesting (<24 hours) is critical to maximize bioactive yield for potential nutraceutical applications in cancer prevention..