Level Of Understanding Of Physical, Psychosocial And Education Related Risk Factors For Musculoskeletal Pain Among Housewives: A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Because of repetitive domestic chores, inadequate ergonomics, and psychological stress, musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is becoming a major problem among women. Poor awareness of physical activity and insufficient education further increase the risk. Housewives play active roles at home but are often left out of occupational health studies.

Aim and Objective: This study aimed to assess housewives’ understanding of educational, psychological, and physical risk factors for musculoskeletal pain. Goals included evaluating physical activity, psychological stress levels, and educational attainment in relation to MSP.

Material and Methods: Using convenient sampling, 301 housewives in Karad aged 30–40 years participated in a cross-sectional observational study. Tools included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a body diagram for pain localization. Data were analyzed using Chi-square testing, regression analysis, and descriptive statistics.

Results: The lower back (44%), knees (30%), and shoulders (20%) were the most frequently reported pain areas. Although 79.4% of participants experienced moderate stress, no statistically significant correlation was found between stress and musculoskeletal pain. BMI (p = 0.039) was the only significant predictor. Inappropriate postures and lack of ergonomic knowledge were clearly linked to discomfort, whereas education level and physical activity showed no significant association.

Conclusion: Housewives’ musculoskeletal pain is multifactorial, with repetitive strain, physical load, and lack of ergonomic education as key contributors. Stress management, ergonomic training, and focused instruction are urgently needed