Social Support-Based Family Empowerment Model for Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Blood Sugar Control Routines, Diet, and Sports Activities in Pekanbaru

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that continues to increase, especially in developing countries. In Indonesia, the prevalence of DM among adults reached 11.3% or approximately 20.4 million cases in 2023, and the WHO estimates that this figure will increase by 80% by 2025. Managing DM requires not only medication but also blood sugar control, dietary compliance, and regular physical activity. To support this, a family empowerment model based on social support is needed.This study aims to analyze the effect of the family empowerment model on blood sugar control routines, diet compliance, and exercise activities of DM patients in Pekanbaru. The study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-post test design on 70 respondents with DM. The research instrument is a questionnaire that measures social support, blood sugar control, diet compliance, and physical activity. Data analysis used SPSS 25 and SmartPLS to test validity, reliability, and the relationship between variables.The results showed that all constructs were valid and reliable with Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliability values > 0.90. The path coefficient test showed a significant effect of family empowerment on diet compliance (T = 12.538; p = 0.000), exercise activity (T = 9.012; p = 0.000), and blood sugar control (T = 6.085; p = 0.000) in the pre-test, as well as an increase in the relationship in the post-test, particularly blood sugar control (T = 8.002; p = 0.000).These findings indicate that the social support-based family empowerment model is effective in improving dietary compliance, physical activity, and the ability of patients to control blood sugar levels.