The prevalence Diabetes Among Patients with Thalassemia Major

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia major requires lifelong transfusions, which often lead to iron overload and pancreatic damage. This increases the risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus, with prevalence rates ranging from 10% to over 30%. Early diagnosis and management are essential to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes. Iron chelation therapy and insulin treatment remain key components in preventing and managing diabetes in these patients.

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Thalassemia Centre in Erbil to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients. A total of 100 patients aged ≥10 years were included, with data collected through structured interviews and clinical records. The study found an 18% prevalence of diabetes, with younger age and poor chelation adherence as notable factors. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between diabetes and adherence levels. These findings highlight the need for early screening and comprehensive management in this high-risk group.

Results: Out of the 100 patients included in the study, most were aged <20 years (65%), with a slight female predominance (51%). Adherence to chelating agent therapy in thalassemic patients 51% showed medium adherence. The prevalence of DM in the thalassemic patients was 18.0%, participants who are underweight, were significantly 2.99 times with a lower risk of diabetes. Conclusion: This study found an 18% diabetes prevalence in thalassemia patients, with higher rates in younger individuals, moderate chelation adherence, being underweight and younger have lower risk of developing DM.