Chemical and immunological effects of coffee peels and beans in diabetic rats

Abstract

Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and other polyphenols that exhibit immunomodulatory effects, enhancing immune function and potentially reducing the risk of autoimmune diseases. Aim: This study aims to examine the important chemical compounds of coffee and evaluate their impacts on the immune system in rats with hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal (n=6) and diabetic (n=30). The second group was injected with streptozotocin (at a dose of 75 mg/ kg intraperitoneally), and those with blood glucose concentrations more than 250 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. Rats were divided into six groups, (1) non-diabetic group (n=6) received distilled water (2 mL/ day); (2) diabetic control group (n=6) received distilled water (2 mL/ day); (3) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +5% coffee peels; (4) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +10% coffee peels ; (5) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +5% coffee beans.; (6)  diabetic group (n=6) received a basal diet +10% coffee beans. After 28 days, blood was collected, and serum was extracted to determine immunity function, WBC (White Blood Cell), LYM (Lymphocytes), MID (Middle Cell), RBC (Red Blood Cell), Hgb (Hemoglobin), HCT (Hematocrit),MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width, PLT (Platelet), MPV (Mean Platelet Volume). Results: The results show a significant increase in fiber in coffee peels compared to coffee beans. It was also found that the carbohydrate content in coffee beans is higher than in coffee peels, and the protein content in coffee beans is also higher than in coffee peels. The best group for WBC, LYM, Mid-size cells (MID), and Granulocytes (GRAN) was that of the group 5 (5% coffee peels). While the best group for Mean Platelet Volume(MPV), and Platelets (PLT) was that of group 4(10% coffee beans). Coffee peels and beans demonstrate significant potential in supporting immune function and reducing inflammation, highlighting their promising role in health applications.