Ayurveda and Therapeutic Yoga in The Integrative Management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis): A Narrative Review

Abstract

This review evaluates the role of therapeutic yoga as an adjunct in managing Amavata, the Ayurvedic correlate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and systemic symptoms. Integrating evidence from Ayurvedic principles and modern medicine, the review highlights how yoga comprising gentle asanas, pranayama, meditation, and relaxation addresses both physical and psychosocial dimensions of the disease. In Ayurveda, Amavata management focuses on eliminating Ama (metabolic toxins) and balancing Vata through diet, detoxification, and lifestyle modifications. Modern medicine employs pharmacological interventions to control inflammation and modulate immune activity. Yoga bridges these approaches by improving joint flexibility, enhancing circulation, reducing stiffness, regulating inflammatory cytokines, and modulating neuroendocrine-immune pathways. Specific practices like Tadasana, Bhujangasana, and Anulom Vilom enhance musculoskeletal strength, oxygenation, and stress regulation, while mindfulness techniques improve emotional resilience. Evidence shows yoga reduces inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), lowers stress hormones, and supports pain relief. Its integration with Ayurvedic and allopathic treatments optimizes outcomes, minimizes drug dependence, and promotes holistic well-being. Safety guidelines, such as using props and avoiding overstretching during flare-ups, ensure suitability for diverse patients. Overall, therapeutic yoga emerges as a safe, cost-effective, and empowering strategy that complements conventional care, aligning with global trends toward patient-centred, multidisciplinary management of chronic inflammatory disorders like Amavata.