Comparative Anti-Fungal Potential of Novel Niosomal Gel and Plain Gel Formulation of Plant Extract

Abstract

Fungal infections pose a significant global health concern due to the emergence of resistant strains and the limited efficacy of conventional antifungal agents. The use of plant-based bioactives in novel drug delivery systems offers a promising alternative for enhanced therapeutic performance and reduced side effects. The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of a niosomal gel formulation containing the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC., a medicinal plant traditionally known for its antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. The extract was prepared using hydroalcoholic solvent (70% ethanol:water) and evaluated for phytochemical constituents. Niosomes were formulated by the thin-film hydration method using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 40) and cholesterol in optimized ratios, and characterized for vesicle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and morphology. The optimized niosomal dispersion was incorporated into a carbopol-based gel to achieve sustained release and enhanced skin permeability. The antifungal activity of the developed niosomal gel was assessed against Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method, and compared with conventional gel and standard antifungal drug. Results demonstrated that the niosomal gel exhibited superior antifungal efficacy, prolonged drug release, and improved stability compared to the plain extract gel. Thus, the formulated niosomal gel of Blumea lacera extract could serve as a potential topical antifungal therapy with enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic performance.