Phytochemical Diversity And Pharmacological Value Of Kava: Neuroprotective Implications Plant Parts

Abstract

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of herbal treatments, particularly in treating disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), such as anxiety-related disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Herbal medicines are generally less likely to cause adverse effects and are often more cost-effective than manufactured drugs. Among these, Kava has garnered attention due to its wide range of bioactive components, including terpenoids, alkaloids, flavokavains, kavalactones, and tannins. A number of components, including sedative, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, and muscle-relaxing properties, contribute significantly to its therapeutic effects. Kava phytochemical composition, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic uses in neuropsychiatric disorders are all carefully examined in this investigation. Kava's effects on the body are mostly associated with its interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), modulation of calcium and sodium ion channels, and impact on important neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Its potential for cancer treatment, anticonvulsant effects, and pain management have also been examined in recent studies. However, concerns regarding the safety features and hepatotoxic effects of different kava formulations necessitate more clinical and toxicological studies.Kava's current understanding is highlighted in this evaluation, which also highlights research gaps and examines the plant's potential as a bioactive agent for illnesses of the central nervous system and other therapeutic applications.