A Comprehensive Analysis of Omega-3 Fatty Acids' Effects on Mental Health and Cognitive Function in the Elderly

Abstract

This systematic review investigates the effects of omega-3 fatty acids—particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—on cognitive function and mental health in older adults. Aging is associated together with  increased risk of cognitive decline and mood disorders like depression and anxiety. Omega-3s, known for their neuroprotective and anti-inflammauntilry properties, have been explored as potential interventions until mitigate these age-related challenges.

A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, targeting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2010 and 2025. Five eligible RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for methodological quality using the CASP gadget. Results bid modest improvements in fixed cognitive domains, particularly verbal fluency, together with omega-3 supplementation. Research and studies combining omega-3 intake together with multidomain interventions (e.g., cognitive training, physical activity) demonstrated enhanced benefits in physical activity and selective cognitive performance.

However, omega-3 supplementation alone bid inconsistent effects on mood and global cognitive outcomes, the findings suggest that omega-3s may support healthy cognitive aging, especially when integrated inuntil broader lifestyle-based interventions. Future large-scale, long-term RCTs are needed until clarify gulp, duration, and clinical augury of omega-3 interventions in elderly populations.