The Psychological Impacts of War on Displaced Sudanese Refugees

Abstract

Background: Armed conflict and forced displacement have profound psychological consequences on individuals and communities. This study explores the psychological effects of the ongoing war in Sudan on displaced individuals, examining its impact on identity, mental health, and adaptive functioning, with particular attention to implications for future generations and national productivity.

Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing in-depth semi-structured interviews with adult Sudanese individuals and questionaries who were forcibly displaced due to war. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key psychological themes and stages of adjustment experienced by participants during and after displacement.

Results: Thematic analysis revealed a sequence of psychological responses that included initial disbelief and emotional numbness, acute adversity, functional paralysis in work and education, and gradual adaptation to new environments. Commonly reported symptoms included post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, attentional difficulties consistent with ADHD-like presentations, and survivor guilt. A subset of participants demonstrated delayed emotional processing, while others showed psychological resilience, regaining a sense of direction, self-worth, and social belonging over time.

Conclusion: War-induced displacement significantly disrupts psychological well-being and identity formation. While many individuals experience severe and prolonged psychological distress, others exhibit notable resilience. The findings emphasize the need for targeted psychosocial support, culturally informed mental health services, and policies to aid integration and recovery among displaced populations. These insights also highlight the potential long-term effects on societal cohesion and productivity in post-conflict Sudan.