Biological, nutritional, and microbiological studies on green fenugreek and silkworm powder and their positive effects in improving the functional status in diabetic rats

Abstract

Extracts from certain plants and insects, such as silkworms and green fenugreek leaves, are used to lower blood sugar concentrations & enhance the sensitivity of insulin. This is due to the compounds they contain, such as peptides and flavonoids. Aim: This research aimed to assess the effect of green fenugreek & silkworm on improving the functional status in hyperglycemic rats and the antibacterial activity of green fenugreek and silkworm powder on six pathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal (n=6) and diabetic (n=24). The second group was injected with streptozotocin (at a dose of 75 mg/ kg intraperitoneally), and those with blood glucose concentrations more than 250 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. Rats were divided into six groups, (1) non-diabetic group (n=6) received distilled water (2 mL/ day); (2) diabetic control group (n=6) received distilled water (2 mL/ day); (3) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +5% green fenugreek; (4) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +5% silkworm; (5) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +10% silkworm.. After 28 days, blood was collected, and serum was extracted to determine glucose, liver enzymes, kidney function, and blood lipids. Also antibacterial activity of green fenugreek and silkworm powder on six pathological bacteria strains were specified through the diffusion agar method. Results: At the end of the experiment, the glucose level was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The values of all groups were significantly lower in liver enzymes and lipid profile as compared to the control positive. Conclusion: Fenugreek and silkworm powder are rich in bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, which help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. These substances also enhance gut microbiota, which plays a role in better nutrient absorption and metabolic health.