Study Protocol Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Abstract

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly among vulnerable populations. Gram-negative bacteria are increasingly implicated in these infections, posing significant therapeutic challenges due to multidrug resistance (MDR). The irrational and excessive use of antibiotics has accelerated the emergence of MDR Gram-negative organisms, thereby limiting treatment options and increasing healthcare burdens. This study aims to perform comprehensive phenotypic and molecular characterization of MDR Gram-negative organisms isolated from patients with LRTIs in a tertiary care setting. A cross-sectional observational design will be employed, with respiratory specimens such as sputum, tracheal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage, and pleural fluid analyzed using both phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular assays for resistance gene detection. The anticipated outcomes include improved diagnostic accuracy, informed treatment strategies, and reduced reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics, ultimately contributing to better clinical outcomes and reduced antimicrobial resistance