Gallstone Disease in Females: Predominance, Multiplicity, Gallbladder Stone Formation and Clinical Parameter Analysis in a Prospective Cross- Sectional Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Cholelithiasis, a prevalent hepatobiliary disorder, involves the formation of cholesterol, pigment, or mixed gallstones within the gallbladder or biliary ducts.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the association between liver enzyme levels and cholelithiasis clinical parameters.

Methods: In this study, we selected a population to collect data for identifying or associating the relationship of cholelithiasis with liver enzymes. Therefore, a cross-sectional study is used to gather information that can derive a relationship between cholelithiasis and liver enzymes. The total population size was 60 cholelithiasis patients. The calculated value 52. Then the considered sample size was also 52 cholelithiasis patients. Total number of patients who participated in this study was 57.

Result: Indirect bilirubin was the liver enzyme indicator that showed the biggest difference between men and women (p = .001). Men had much higher levels (M = 3.21) than women (M = 1.11). The effect size was big (Cohen's d = 0.998), which shows that the difference was important and clinically relevant. However, other enzymes, such as total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, and ALP, did not show any statistically significant differences between men and women (p > .05), and the effect sizes were mostly small to moderate.

Conclusion: The study's findings demonstrate the important role that liver enzymes, specifically SGPT and ALP, play in determining the size of gallstones in cholelithiasis patients, with smaller stones being linked to greater enzyme levels. Interestingly, male patients had considerably higher indirect bilirubin levels, which may indicate that the illness process has metabolic differences specific to gender.