Protozoan Infections and Cytokine Profiles in Immunocompromised Cancer Patients
Keywords:
Intestinal protozoa, cancer patients, IL-10, IL-25, immunocompromised, nested PCR, Wasit Province.Abstract
Background: Immunocompromised cancer patients are highly susceptible to intestinal protozoan infections, which can exacerbate morbidity and complicate treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum infections among cancer patients in Wasit Province, Iraq, and to evaluate associated cytokine responses (IL-10 and IL-25).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 cancer patients and 90 healthy controls. Stool samples were analysed using nested PCR for parasite detection, and serum levels of IL-10 and IL-25 were measured via ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 28.
Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was 61.59%. E. histolytica was the most prevalent (42.75%), followed by C. parvum (39.86%) and G. lamblia (17.39%). Significantly elevated levels of IL-10 and IL-25 were observed in infected patients compared to non-infected individuals (p < 0.001), indicating a strong immunomodulatory response. The elevated IL-10 suggests an immunosuppressive state that could facilitate parasite persistence and hinder anti-tumor immunity, while the rise in IL-25 indicates an active epithelial defense response. This dual cytokine response underscores the complex immune environment that may increase the risk of chronic infection and complicate the overall clinical management of cancer patients.
Conclusion: Intestinal protozoan infections are highly prevalent among cancer patients in Wasit Province and are associated with significant alterations in immune cytokine profiles. Routine screening and preventive measures are recommended to mitigate the impact of these infections on vulnerable populations.
