The Multicomponent Exercises for the Management of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review Study

Abstract

Purpose: This systematic review investigates the components of exercise programs designed to manage sarcopenia in older adults. The study aims to identify the types of exercises, duration, frequency, intensity, and delivery modes that contribute to improvements in muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Method: A systematic review was conducted in five databases which include PUBMED, SCOPUS, WOS, CINAHL and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Studies published in English within the last ten years involving participants aged 60 and above diagnosed with sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia were included. Data extraction focused on exercise prescription parameters and outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven implemented multicomponent interventions, while fourteen used resistance training alone. The most common exercise frequency was three sessions per week, with 60-minute sessions over 12 weeks being the most frequently reported. Intensity was commonly measured using maximum repetition (RM) or perceived exertion scales. Multicomponent programs combining resistance, aerobics, and balance training demonstrated superior outcomes in physical performance compared to single-component approaches. Conclusion: Multicomponent exercise programs are effective non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in older adults. Tailored interventions that integrate multiple exercise modalities and apply progressive overload principles show promise in improving muscle health and functional capacity. Future research should focus on standardizing exercise prescriptions and evaluating long-term adherence and outcomes