Advances in Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Emerging Techniques and Long-Term Outcomes

Abstract

PAD is a progressive vascular disease involving the peripheral arteries, with symptoms primarily resulting from arterial stenosis, occlusion or both. The developments in endovascular treatment of PAD have brought dramatic changes in the management of these patients, using minimally invasive therapeutical approaches that improve patients' and increase their quality of life with less recovery time needed. Some modern technologies include drug-coated balloons, atherectomy systems, bioabsorbable stents, intravascular ultrasound and 3D rotational angiography. These innovations respond to issues such as restenosis, enhance procedural control and extend the opportunities to treat complicated lesions and patients with specific risk profiles. Newer techniques, such as stem cells and nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which are in their infancy, also hold a future for treating PAD. Although cost, durability and operator expertise are still issues, advances in multidisciplinary solutions and research make constant advancements possible. This article examines these improvements and their applicability to patient management; the focus is on how modern, endovascular-oriented treatments can significantly alter the management of PAD. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a chronic and progressive peripheral vascular disease that, at the same time, has become a significant concern about its impacts on patient management and healthcare organizational affairs globally. In the recent past, endovascular treatment has been adopted as a revolutionary treatment since it involves minimally invasive procedures to overcome the challenges posed by open surgeries. Observing at the current trends in endovascular therapy, this article explores the long-term results of new techniques and discusses how those advances may revolutionize PAD treatment.