To evaluate and compare plasma/serum biomarkers—including glucose, HbA1c, proteins, lipid profile, ROS, antioxidants (SOD, GPx, ferritin, ceruloplasmin), and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP)—across three groups. (2025). Vascular and Endovascular Review, 8(2s), 267-269. https://verjournal.com/index.php/ver/article/view/264