Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Anemic Pregnancy: A Trimester-Wise Review of Serum Markers and Urinary F2-Isoprostanes: A review
Keywords:
Oxidative stress, SOD, MDA, GPx, catalase, F2-isoprostanes, anemia, pregnancyAbstract
Background: Pregnancy is accompanied by increased oxidative stress due to elevated metabolic demands and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In anemic women, impaired antioxidant defense further exacerbates oxidative imbalance, contributing to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Serum oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), alongside urinary F2-isoprostanes, provide insight into systemic and lipid peroxidation status.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive review of PubMed and Scopus literature up to 2024 was conducted using keywords “oxidative stress,” “pregnancy,” “anemia,” “SOD,” “MDA,” “CAT,” “GPx,” and “F2-isoprostanes.” Studies assessing trimester-wise changes were included.
Conclusion: Evidence indicates progressive oxidative stress across pregnancy, with anemia amplifying alterations in enzymatic antioxidants and elevating urinary F2-isoprostanes. Integration of serum and urinary biomarkers offers a more complete assessment of oxidative status. These markers hold promise for early prediction of complications and for guiding antenatal interventions.
