Comprehensive Assessment Of Risk Factors For Transient Ischemic Attacks In The Population Of Kashkadarya Region

Abstract

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains one of the most important clinical predictors of impending ischemic stroke and a major contributor to the global cerebrovascular burden. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD-2021) analysis, Central Asia ranks among the three world regions with the highest stroke-specific mortality and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) losses, with no significant improvement observed since 1990. In contrast, high-income countries demonstrate a sustained decline in cerebrovascular mortality due to earlier detection, risk-factor control, and widespread implementation of secondary prevention programs. This disparity underscores the urgent need for region-specific research and targeted interventions in countries such as Uzbekistan.

TIA represents a critical “pre-stroke window.” Approximately 15–25% of all ischemic strokes occur within the first 90 days following a TIA, while timely diagnosis and evidence-based prevention can reduce subsequent stroke risk by 60–80%. Despite the prognostic importance of TIA, Uzbekistan lacks systematic epidemiological data, structured registries, and validated regional risk-stratification tools. Existing national stroke registries report 1.0–1.4 new strokes per 1,000 population annually, but TIA-related data remain largely unaccounted for, limiting effective planning of preventive strategies.