The Role of CD44 and CD24 as a Marker in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Abstract

Background: CD44 and CD24 are important factors in stimulating metastasis, treatment failure and recurrence in breast cancer. The aim of this research is to explore the manifestation of these CD44 and CD24 in females diagnosed with breast cancer. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study, 40 patients with breast cancer after mastectomy and 40 healthy people were included as a control group in this study in medical care at Rizgary teaching hospital of Erbil were included in the study in the period from November 2021 to October 2022, the patients were divided into two groups. including 40 patients and 40 healthy people. After completing the consent form, clinical information about all the samples was taken. EDTA blood samples were gathered from patients and healthy individual, and RNA was obtained using the RNX-Plus kit (Sinaclon, Iran). Following the extraction of total RNA and the creation of complementary DNA, we assessed relative gene expression using a quantitative real-time PCR technique. Serum was also prepared for ELISA analysis, levels of CD44 and CD24 in serum were measured using ELISA kits(eBioscience, USA) according to manufacturer instructions Finally, the results was examined by statistical analysis.  Results: The results of examining the changes in the expression of CD44 and CD24 showed that the expression of CD44 and CD24 increased significantly in patients compared in healthy women (P≤0.001), Conversely, the gene expression was demonstrated to increase further with an extended cultivation time. Furthermore, there was a distinct rise in gene expression observed in breast tumors undergoing metastasis. The results showed that the plasma of the patients contained 34.3 and 3.15 respectively of CD44 and CD24. The results of serum level of CD44 and CD24 increased significantly in patients compared in healthy women ,The mean ± SD of CD44 in the control group was 177.35 ± 31.55 (ng/ml) and in the patient group was 725.22 ± 289.998 (ng/ml) and The mean ± SD of CD24 in the control group was 98.21 ± 12.36 (ng/ml) and in the patient group was 504.25 ± 96.357 (ng/ml), and this difference in gene expression between the two groups was statistically significant (P≤0.001) . Conclusions: The findings from the present research illustrate the substantial role that CD44 and CD24 play in regulating the biological processes of cancer cells. CD44 and CD24 in particular were found to be substantially expressed in the patients’ samples.