Formulation and Evaluation of a Bioinspired Nanogel Containing Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Bacillus licheniformis

Abstract

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have emerged as promising strategies to address the limitations of conventional therapies, including poor solubility, rapid clearance, and nonspecific distribution. Bioinspired nanomedicine synthesized using microorganism’s offers enhanced biocompatibility, safety, and environmental sustainability. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis, a non-pathogenic bacterium, was utilized for the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity and stability. These biosynthesized AgNPs were incorporated into a nanogel a three-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric network known for high drug-loading capacity, controlled release, and improved retention at the target site. The nanogel formulation was optimized to enhance therapeutic efficacy, tissue penetration, and wound-healing potential. Comprehensive evaluation, including physicochemical characterization, in-vitro analysis, and in-vivo wound-healing studies using excision and incision models in albino Wistar rats, revealed significant wound contraction, accelerated epithelialization, and increased tensile strength compared to control and standard treatments. Overall, the findings demonstrate that B. licheniformis-derived AgNP-loaded nanogels represent a promising, eco-friendly, and efficient platform for targeted drug delivery and advanced wound-healing applications.