Vascular and Endovascular Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 8, 2025

Advances in Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Emerging Techniques and Long-Term Outcomes

Klaus Krause
Department of Historical Studies, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
Stefan Lang
Department of Historical Studies, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany

Abstract

PAD is a progressive vascular disease involving the peripheral arteries, with symptoms primarily resulting from arterial stenosis, occlusion or both. The developments in endovascular treatment of PAD have brought dramatic changes in the management of these patients, using minimally invasive therapeutical approaches that improve patients' and increase their quality of life with less recovery time needed. Some modern technologies include drug-coated balloons, atherectomy systems, bioabsorbable stents, intravascular ultrasound and 3D rotational angiography. These innovations respond to issues such as restenosis, enhance procedural control and extend the opportunities to treat complicated lesions and patients with specific risk profiles. Newer techniques, such as stem cells and nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which are in their infancy, also hold a future for treating PAD. Although cost, durability and operator expertise are still issues, advances in multidisciplinary solutions and research make constant advancements possible. This article examines these improvements and their applicability to patient management; the focus is on how modern, endovascular-oriented treatments can significantly alter the management of PAD. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a chronic and progressive peripheral vascular disease that, at the same time, has become a significant concern about its impacts on patient management and healthcare organizational affairs globally. In the recent past, endovascular treatment has been adopted as a revolutionary treatment since it involves minimally invasive procedures to overcome the challenges posed by open surgeries. Observing at the current trends in endovascular therapy, this article explores the long-term results of new techniques and discusses how those advances may revolutionize PAD treatment.

Keywords : Endovascular Treatment (ET), Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), Emerging Techniques (ET), Long-Term Outcomes (LTO).
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Mark Yang
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty