Vascular and Endovascular Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

The Role of Targeted Infra-popliteal Endovascular Angioplasty to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using the Angiosome Model: A Systematic Review

VOLUME 6, 2023

Endovascular Therapies In Peripheral Arterial Diseases: A Systematic Analysis Of Efficacy And Outcomes

Ali Zaib Rasheed
Department of Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia.

Abstract

Endovascular therapy is useful in the treatment of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Recent device advances have resulted in favorable long-term results in iliac arteries as well as minor arteries such as the femoral and popliteal arteries. When standard treatments fail to enhance quality of life and function, endovascular procedures are explored. Critical limb ischemia and acute limb ischemia, on the other hand, endanger the limb and necessitate more immediate revascularization. Endovascular therapies for aortoiliac disease have a longer long-term durability than femoral popliteal disease. In general, infrapopliteal revascularization is reserved for critical and acute limb ischemia. Endovascular treatment relies heavily on balloon angioplasty and stenting. Drug-eluting stents and drug-coated balloons are two new, well-tested inventions. Adjunctive devices for crossing chronic complete occlusions or debulking plaque with atherectomy have received less serious research and have limited roles. Patients undergoing endovascular operations require a planned follow-up care strategy. This involves aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in order to avoid myocardial infarction and stroke, the two leading causes of mortality. Limb surveillance seeks to detect restenosis and new disease outside the intervening segments, both of which might jeopardize patency and result in recurring symptoms, functional impairment, or a threatened limb. This article discusses the history and recent breakthroughs in endovascular treatment of peripheral vascular disorders, as well as device features and applications. Endovascular therapy of peripheral vascular disease has progressed in lockstep with the introduction of devices such as catheters and stents. As a result, endovascular therapy is currently recommended as the first-line treatment for PAD in recommendations.

Keywords : Endovascular Therapy (ET), Symptomatic Peripheral (SP), Disease (DD), Smart PLS Algorithm.
Erin Saricilar
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.
Mark Yang
Lecture in accounting. University of Basrah, College of Administration and Economics, Department of Accounting.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic disease significantly impacts patients with type 2 diabetes, who often present with recalcitrant peripheral ulcers. The angiosome model of the foot presents an opportunity to perform direct angiosome-targeted endovascular interventions to maximise both wound healing and limb salvage. A systematic review was performed, with 17 studies included in the final review. Below-the-knee endovascular interventions present significant technical challenges, with technical success depending on the length of lesion being treated and the number of angiosomes that require treatment. Wound healing was significantly improved with direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty, as was limb salvage, with a significant increase in survival without major amputation. Indirect angioplasty, where the intervention is applied to collateral vessels to the angiosomes, yielded similar results to direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty. Applying the angiosome model of the foot in direct angiosome-targeted angioplasty improves outcomes for patients with recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers in terms of primary wound healing, mean time for complete wound healing and major amputation-free survival.
Keywords : Diabetic foot ulcer, angiosome, angioplasty